Did the Protestant Reformation contribute to the origin of the Modern World? Did it contribute to the rise of secularism? Individualism? Capitalism? Liberalism? Democracy? The right to revolution? Nationalism? Women's Liberation?

PROTESTANTISM (Luther and Calvin)	THE MODERN WORLD
Priesthood of the believers Right of individual Conscience	Egalitarianism
Revolt against Papal authority The Word or Scripture is the highest authority	Right to revolution
Christian Liberty (internal)	Individualism
Voluntary Covenant	Liberalism
The split into Protestant sects	Religious Toleration
No celibacy Priest can marry	Women's Liberation
"Protestant ethic" or "work ethic" Election Predestination	Capitalism
For some sects, the congregation was the ultimate authority	Democracy
Translation of Scripture into the vernacular	Nationalism

Some historians maintain that Protestantism contributed to the rise of the Modern World by promoting individualism, liberalism, democracy, nationalism, capitalism, religious toleration, etc. On the other hand, other historians argue that Calvin or Luther never applied their potentially "liberating" ideas and religious doctrine to politics and society. Luther argued that Christian liberty was purely internal. Therefore, the Christian owed obedience to civil authority. Luther urged the princes to slaughter the peasants in 1525 as well as the Anabaptists. He called the state an "engine of repression" due to man's sinful nature. Calvin established a theocracy in Geneva. Some call it "totalitarian." In New England, the Puritans established theocracies and only the "Saints" could vote. The Calvinists believed that everyone had to be disciplined and morally "puritanical" for the greater glory of God. Luther and Calvin opposed revolution in many cases. The Protestants did not tolerate other religions. Luther opposed usury, materialism. Luther and Calvin opposed unrestrained profit motive, materialism, luxury, Calvin especially believed in collective moral discipline. Some of the most important bankers were Catholics, especially in Italy and southern Germany.