High Middle Ages 1050-1300
Religious and Intellectual Developments: Chapter11


I. The church was one of the primary institutions shaping Western Christendom.

A. Abuse, of power and wealth. Corruption and moral laxity.

B. Revival under Cluny reforms. What was cluny? What reforms were instituted?

C.What was meant by "Papa Monarchy?" What monastic order inspired cluniac reform movement? What Pope was chief theorizer of Papal monarchy? Gregory VII: What was his program of reform for the papacy? Innocent III: his program?

D. What was the result of drive for papal power and monarchy? Boniface VIII.


II. Crusades

A. Causes? Internal and external?
1. Pope Urban II's motives for calling a crusade?
2. Economic and political causes (p. 343).
3. Plenary indulgence? Meaning.
4. What was influence of Battle of Manzikert 1071 on calling of the Crusades?

B. What was the successful outcome of first crusade?

C. Kings' crusade?

D. Crusade of 1204?

E. In what sense was the launching of the Crusades the High point of papal Monarchy?

F. What was final outcome of Crusades?

III. New Religious Vitality

A. New orders of Monks: St Bernard.

B. Cult of Virgin Mary: significance.

C. Innocent III: his influence on religion.

D. Dominicans and Franciscans. How were these two orders different? How did they satisfy religious urges of Western society.

IV. Intellectual Revival, 1050-1300

A. Expansion of Education and rise of Universitites.

B. Organization of univeristies: trivium: logic, grammar, rhetoric; auadrivium: astronomy, arithmetic, geometry, music.

C. Acquisition of Greek and Arabo-Islamic learning: from Constantinople (Greek), Spain and Sicily (Arabo-Islamic).

D. Scholasticism: meaning?

V. Leading scholastic thinkers

A. Abelard: Sic et non (1100)

B. Peter Lombard, Book of Sentences (1150).

C. St. Thomas: Summa Theologica: 1250.



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